西班牙高铁相撞,外媒怎么报道|外刊精读
原创 Soren 2026-10-30 08:30 江苏

10月28日,西班牙两列开往塞维利亚的高铁追尾,至少68人遇难、上百人受伤。事发前信号系统故障,官方称调度中心错误放行了后车。这已是九个月内第二起重大事故。
我们看一段外媒的报道:
01
节选原文
Spain’s high-speed rail network, the most extensive in Europe and the second largest in the world after China, has long ranked as a point of pride in the country. But Wednesday’s deadly crash near Los Yébenes, Toledo – the second major one in nine months – has recast the spotlight on questions about safety in the system.
Officials said at least 68 people were killed on Wednesday morning after two trains collided, leading to the derailment of several carriages. The two trains were carrying 544 passengers at the time.
One train, run by the state-owned Renfe company, ran into the rear of another owned by private company Iryo that had stopped, knocking two of its carriages off the track in a rural area between two villages.
02
精读
1
Spain’s high-speed rail network, the most extensive in Europe and the second largest in the world after China, has long ranked as a point of pride in the country.
西班牙的高铁网络是欧洲覆盖范围最广的,规模仅次于中国、位居世界第二;长期以来,它一直是这个国家的骄傲。
主语是 Spain’s high-speed rail network;
the most extensive in Europe 和 the second largest in the world after China 是两个并列的同位语,补充说明这张网的地位。
the second largest in the world after China 里的 after 是“仅次于”,不是“在……之后”;整句说的是西班牙排在中国之后、居世界第二。
谓语 has long ranked as a point of pride 用现在完成时,把“从过去一直到现在”的时间感压进一句话;a point of pride 是“骄傲的所在”,point 在这里指“某一方面”。
extensive 是形容词,读 /ɪkˈstensɪv/,意思是“覆盖面广的、广泛的”,英文解释是 covering a large area or including a great deal。
extend 是“延伸”,ex- 向外,tend 伸——向外铺开,铺得远、铺得广,就是 extensive。
常见搭配有:
extensive network(庞大的网络)
extensive research(广泛的研究)
extensive damage(大面积的破坏)
文中 the most extensive in Europe 意思是:欧洲覆盖范围最广的(高铁网络)。
我们先看几个例句。
关于科技话题,我们可以说:
The company has extensive experience in building AI models.
这家公司在构建人工智能模型方面拥有丰富经验。
电影《傲慢与偏见》有一个场景,达西在宾利家的客厅里接着宾利小姐的话,说一个多才多艺的女子还得靠广泛阅读来充实头脑:
And she must improve her mind by extensive reading.
她必须通过广泛阅读来充实自己的头脑。
这个词在2023年考研英语一的Part B中也出现过:
Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s observations into an extensive report aimed at convincing senators and representatives, along with colleagues at government agencies like the Department of the Interior, that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.
考察结束数周后,海登把团队的观察整理成一份详尽的报告,目的是说服参议员、众议员以及内政部等政府机构的同僚,让他们相信黄石应当被保护起来。
rank as 是动词短语,读 /ræŋk æz/,意思是“被视为、堪称”,英文解释是 to be considered as having a particular position or quality。
rank 作名词是“等级、名次”,动词就是“排到某个位置上”——rank as 就是“被排进……之列”,也就是“堪称”。
常见搭配有:
rank as one of the best(跻身最佳之列)
rank among the top(位居前列)
rank first(排名第一)
文中 has long ranked as a point of pride 意思是:长期以来一直被视作国家的骄傲。
我们先看几个例句。
关于大学话题,我们可以说:
The university ranks as one of the best in the country.
这所大学跻身全国最好的大学之列。
《影之刃零》在 Metacritic 上拿到 88 分,我们可以说:
With a score of 88, the game ranks as one of the year’s best-reviewed releases.
凭借 88 分的成绩,这款游戏跻身今年评价最好的作品之列。
2
But Wednesday’s deadly crash near Los Yébenes, Toledo – the second major one in nine months – has recast the spotlight on questions about safety in the system.
但周三发生在托莱多省洛斯耶韦内斯附近的这起致命事故——九个月内的第二起重大事故——让外界再次聚焦于整个系统的安全问题。
破折号里的 the second major one in nine months 是插入语,one 指代前面的 crash;它把“九个月内第二起”这个背景塞进句子中间。
谓语 has recast the spotlight on... 用现在完成时;recast 是 re- 加 cast,“再投一次”——把聚光灯重新打到某个问题上。
questions about safety in the system 是“系统内的安全问题”;system 是“系统”,systemic 才是“系统性的”,两个词不要混。
cast the spotlight on 是动词短语,读 /kɑːst ðə ˈspɒtlaɪt ɒn/,意思是“把聚光灯打向、使……受到关注”,英文解释是 to draw public attention to something。
spotlight 是舞台上的聚光灯——灯往哪儿一打,观众就往哪儿看;cast 是“投、掷”,把光投过去,就是把注意力引过去。
文中用的是 recast:re- 表示“再一次”,把聚光灯重新打向安全问题。
常见搭配有:
cast the spotlight on sth(使某事受到关注)
come under the spotlight(受到关注、被审视)
shine a spotlight on(照亮、揭示)
文中 recast the spotlight on 意思是:让外界再次聚焦于(高铁系统的安全问题)。
我们先看几个例句。
关于媒体话题,我们可以说:
The documentary casts the spotlight on the lives of migrant workers.
这部纪录片把镜头对准了外来务工者的生活。
苹果那台顶配 112,624 元的笔记本引发热议,我们可以说:
The price has cast the spotlight on Apple’s pricing ladder.
这个价格让苹果的定价阶梯受到了关注。
3
Officials said at least 68 people were killed on Wednesday morning after two trains collided, leading to the derailment of several carriages.
官员表示,周三上午两列火车相撞,导致多节车厢脱轨,至少68人死亡。
Officials said 后面整个从句是“官员说了什么”;after two trains collided 是时间状语从句,交代事故发生在先。
leading to... 是现在分词作结果状语,逻辑主语是前面“两车相撞”这件事。
derailment 是名词,读 /diːˈreɪlmənt/,意思是“脱轨”,英文解释是 the act of a train leaving its tracks。
rail 是铁轨,de- 表示“离开”,-ment 把动作变成名词——火车离开铁轨,就是 derailment;动词是 derail。
常见搭配有:
a train derailment(火车脱轨)
cause a derailment(导致脱轨)
a fatal derailment(致命的脱轨事故)。
文中 the derailment of several carriages 意思是:几节车厢脱轨。
我们看几个例句。
关于项目管理话题,我们可以说:
A single missed deadline can cause the derailment of a carefully planned project.
一个被错过的截止日期,就可能让一个精心规划的项目脱轨。
洛阳那家 1.5 元卤蛋店突然爆火,老板却求大家少来,我们可以说:
The sudden crowds led to a derailment of the shop’s daily routine.
突然涌来的人流打乱了这家小店日常的节奏。
4
The two trains were carrying 544 passengers at the time.
事发时,两列火车上共有544名乘客。
at the time 是“事发当时”,把 544 这个数字锚定在事故发生的那一刻。
were carrying 用过去进行时,强调事故发生那一刻车上正载着这些人;544 passengers 是两列车合计,不是每一列。
5
One train, run by the state-owned Renfe company, ran into the rear of another owned by private company Iryo that had stopped, knocking two of its carriages off the track in a rural area between two villages.
其中一列由国有的 Renfe 公司运营的火车,撞上了另一列已停下的、由私营公司 Iryo 运营的列车的尾部,把两节车厢撞出轨道——事故发生在两个村庄之间的乡村地带。
主干是 One train ran into the rear of another;
run by the state-owned Renfe company 是过去分词短语,修饰 One train。
owned by private company Iryo that had stopped 修饰 another;that had stopped 用过去完成时,说明“停”发生在“撞”之前。
knocking two of its carriages off the track 是现在分词作结果状语,its 指被撞的那列车,也就是 Iryo 的列车。
in a rural area between two villages 是地点状语,补出事故发生的环境:两个村庄之间的乡村地带。
state-owned 和 private 把两家运营商的属性并置:Renfe 是国有,Iryo 是私营。
rear 是名词,读 /rɪər/,意思是“后部、尾部”,英文解释是 the back part of something。
rear 作形容词是“后面的”,如 the rear door;作名词就是“后部”——the rear of the train 就是列车的尾部。
常见搭配有:
at the rear of(在……的后部)
the rear of the train(列车尾部)
rear door(后门)。
文中 ran into the rear of another 意思是:撞上了另一列车的尾部,也就是追尾。
我们先看几个例句。
关于家庭出行话题,我们可以说:
Children under twelve should sit in the rear seat.
十二岁以下的孩子应该坐在后排。
关于校车路权,我们可以说:
Drivers should keep a safe distance from the rear of a school bus.
司机应当与校车尾部保持安全距离。
美剧《老友记》第2季第1集中,乔伊在跟钱德勒和罗斯解释裁缝怎么量裤子,说到最后一步:
Then they go up the other side, move it back, then they do the rear.
然后从另一边上来,再推回去,最后量后面。
今天分享到这里,感谢阅读!
本文转载自微信公众号「经济学人双语精读」,查看原文。版权归原作者所有,如有侵权请联系删除。