老龄化中国,有人把"陪伴"做成生意|外刊精读

· 2026-10-16 08:30 · 26 阅读

原创 Soren 2026-10-16 08:30 江苏

当孤独被温柔接住,陪伴被明码标价,我们究竟在为什么买单?

一头是需求:独居的老人、离开家乡的务工者、跨省求职的年轻人,越来越多人在城市里独自生活;而这种孤立,正被社会结构与交往方式不断加剧。

另一头是供给:送饭、陪诊、陪爬黄山、陪聊……一个“陪伴”市场悄然生长。国金证券测算,这门生意2025年已达74亿美元——卖的是“连接”,卖点是“确定”:不必担心失望,也无须欠下人情。

当孤独被温柔接住,陪伴被明码标价,我们究竟在为什么买单?

今天我们看一篇BBC的报道。

全文及译文请见次条,本文为节选精读。

1

"The biggest difficulty really was the loneliness. Sometimes, if I wanted to talk to someone I'd talk to the TV."

"最大的困难其实就是孤独。有时候我想找人说说话,就对着电视说。"

开篇是老人自己的话,几乎没有修饰词。

第一句点题:最难的不是病,是孤独;第二句用一个具体动作把它落地——想找人说说话,就对着电视说。

2

Yang, 91, lives on the outskirts of China's bustling capital Beijing. Following the death of her husband, she was so lonely that she says she even considered the possibility of voluntary euthanasia.

91 岁的杨奶奶住在繁华首都北京的郊区。丈夫去世后,她孤独到说自己甚至考虑过自愿安乐死的可能。

一句交代人物三件事:年龄、住处、处境。

Yang, 91, lives... 中间插年龄,是新闻英语常见的同位语写法,比 who is 91 years old 省字;

Following the death of her husband 是分词短语作时间状语;so... that 引出结果。

bustling 和 outskirts 放在一起构成一组对照——城很闹,她住在边上,有点“春天来了,我什么都看不见”的感觉。这组对照全篇还会反复出现。

outskirts 是名词,读 /ˈaʊtskɜːts/,意思是"(城市的)郊区、郊外",英文解释是 the outer parts of a town or city, far from the centre。

拆开看就是 out(在外)+ skirts(边缘)——裙子的边叫 skirt,一座城市的"裙边"就是它的郊区。

常见搭配有:on the outskirts of(在……的郊区)、the northern outskirts(北郊)、a factory on the outskirts(郊区的工厂)。

文中 on the outskirts of China's bustling capital Beijing 的意思是:在繁华首都北京的郊区。

我们看几个例句。

关于城市化话题,我们可以说:

As the city grew, factories and cheap housing moved to the outskirts.

随着城市扩张,工厂和廉价住房都搬到了郊区。

关于环境话题,也可以这样说:

A new waste plant is being built on the outskirts, where land is cheaper and objections are quieter.

一座新的垃圾处理厂正在郊区兴建——那里地价更低,反对的声音也更小。

最近外网流行"China Haul",外国博主拖着空箱子来中国扫货,有人专程跑到城郊的工厂店,我们可以写一个句子:

Some visitors even head to the outskirts of a city to shop at factory outlets.

有些游客甚至专程跑到城市郊区,去工厂直销店扫货。

euthanasia 是名词,读 /ˌjuːθəˈneɪziə/,意思是"安乐死",英文解释是 the practice of ending someone's life painlessly when they are suffering from an incurable illness。

拆开看,eu- 是"好、善",希腊语 thanatos 是"死",合起来就是"好死"——无痛苦地结束生命。它在英文里属于正式用词,口语里人们更常说 assisted dying。

常见搭配有:voluntary euthanasia(自愿安乐死)、legalise euthanasia(使安乐死合法化)、the debate over euthanasia(关于安乐死的争论)。

文中 voluntary euthanasia 的意思是:自愿安乐死——老人说,如果哪天合法,她也想这样做。

看几个例句。

关于健康话题,我们可以说:

Some patients with an incurable illness ask about euthanasia, and many of them are really asking for less pain.

一些患不治之症的病人会问起安乐死,而他们当中很多人真正想要的,是少一点痛苦。

关于科学话题,也可以这样说:

The debate over euthanasia is usually framed as a medical question, but it is also a moral one.

关于安乐死的争论通常被放在医学框架里讨论,但它同时也是一个道德问题。

3

"I asked my son about it but he told me it was banned. I told him that if it ever becomes legal I want to do it - I didn't want to live any longer."

"我问过儿子这件事,他告诉我这是被禁止的。我跟他说,如果哪天合法了,我想做,我不想再活下去了。"

if it ever becomes legal 用一般现在时表将来的条件,ever 是"万一哪天";

it 指上文euthanasia,破折号后面那句才是关键——不是想死,是不想这样活着。

4

Suffering glaucoma, with failing eyesight, she was unable to even do basic things like adjust the controls on her air conditioner.

她患有青光眼,视力衰退,连调节空调控制面板这类最基本的事情都做不了。

病症和生活难处写在一句里。

Suffering glaucoma 是分词短语说明原因,with failing eyesight 是 with 复合结构补充症状;

be unable to even do... 里的 even 是"连……都",把难处落到最具体的一件事上:调空调。

glaucoma 是名词,读 /ɡlɔːˈkəʊmə/,意思是"青光眼",英文解释是 an eye disease that damages the optic nerve and can lead to blindness。

常见搭配有:develop glaucoma(患上青光眼)、a glaucoma test(青光眼检查)、suffer from glaucoma(受青光眼困扰)。

文中 Suffering glaucoma, with failing eyesight 的意思是:她患有青光眼,视力正在衰退。

来看几个例句。

关于教育话题,我们可以说:

Many schools arrange a basic eye test, because problems like glaucoma are easier to treat when they are found early.

很多学校会安排基础视力检查——像青光眼这类问题,发现得早,治疗就容易得多。

关于科学话题,也可以这样说:

Researchers are testing a new drug that may slow down glaucoma.

研究人员正在试验一种可能延缓青光眼的新药。

美剧《老友记》第5季第22集中,瑞秋做眼睛检查时紧张得不行,米勒医生一边请她坐下一边说:

This is the glaucoma test. Sit down.

这是青光眼测试,请坐。

5

Cases such as Yang's have become increasingly common in Chinese cities which Associate Professor Teresa Kuan, from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, says is "exacerbated by the structure of society and the modes by which people interact".

像杨奶奶这样的情况在中国城市里越来越普遍。香港中文大学副教授关宜馨(Teresa Kuan)认为,这"被社会结构和人们的交往方式进一步加剧"。

这一句把个案升级成现象,是全文论证的支点,结构要拆开看。

主干是 Cases such as Yang's have become increasingly common:这类情况越来越常见;

Cases such as Yang's 用所有格代指"像杨奶奶这样的案例",很省字。

in Chinese cities 是地点状语,后面的 which 从句修饰的其实是"越来越普遍"这件事,所以从句里用 is 而不是 are。

从句里先插进一整套身份信息:Associate Professor Teresa Kuan, from the Chinese University of Hong Kong,两个逗号夹住的插入语,把说话人是谁、在哪所大学一次交代清楚。

从句主干是 which ... says is "exacerbated by...":exacerbated 是被动语态,意思是"被加重、被恶化";

施动者有两个,the structure of society(社会结构)和 the modes by which people interact(人们交往的方式),其中 by which 是"介词+which"引导的定语从句,修饰 modes,等于 the ways in which people interact。

一句话读完:这类情况越来越普遍,而关宜馨认为,社会结构和人们的交往方式让它更严重了。

6

There are many causes of isolation in China. Most of it happens when rural migrants pursue economic opportunities, leaving behind close-knit support networks for urban centres where loneliness and uncertainty can be difficult to overcome, or when graduates uproot themselves chasing employment on the other side of the country.

中国产生孤立感的原因很多。多数情况发生在两种时候:一是农村外出务工者为了经济机会离开紧密的熟人网络、进入城市中心,在那里孤独与不确定感很难克服;二是毕业生为了就业拔根而去,跑到国家的另一端。

两句解释孤独从哪来。第一句是引出原因的常见句式,isolation 比 lonely 更结构——它说的不是心情,是处境;it 在后面一直指它。

第二句的主干其实很短:Most of it happens when... or when...。

两个 when 从句并列,摆出两条迁徙路线:务工者进城,毕业生远行。

从句内部还有三层枝叶。leaving behind close-knit support networks 是分词短语作伴随状语,说明"离开的同时留下了什么";

for urban centres 是 leave A for B 的固定搭配,去处是城市中心;

where loneliness and uncertainty can be difficult to overcome 是定语从句修饰 urban centres——难克服的是孤独,也是不确定。

最后 chasing employment 又是分词,补充"为什么拔根",正好接到下一个词。

close-knit 是形容词,读 /ˌkləʊs ˈnɪt/,意思是"(因关系紧密而)团结的、亲如一家的",英文解释是 (of a group) having strong friendly relationships with each other。

画面来自编织:knit 是"编织",一群人被"织"得密不透风,就是彼此照应、抬头不见低头见。

常见搭配有:a close-knit family(关系紧密的家庭)、a close-knit community(熟人社区)、a close-knit team(凝聚力强的团队)。

文中 close-knit support networks 的意思是:紧密的、彼此照应的熟人支持网络。

先看几个例句。

关于家庭话题,我们可以说:

She grew up in a close-knit family, where grandparents, parents and children shared the same courtyard.

她在一个关系紧密的家庭里长大,祖辈、父母和孩子共住一个院子。

关于文化话题,也可以这样说:

In a close-knit community, everyone knows when a neighbour is ill — and also when a neighbour has bought a new car.

在熟人社区里,谁家老人生病了大家都知道,谁家买了新车大家也知道。

最近小红书上"一家四口四种口味午饭,妈妈一锅全搞定"很多人转发,我们可以写一个句子:

In a close-knit family, cooking four different meals at once is not a complaint but a habit.

在关系紧密的家庭里,一顿饭做出四种口味,不是抱怨的理由,而是习惯。

uproot 是动词,读 /ˌʌpˈruːt/,意思是"把……连根拔起",英文解释是 to pull a plant out of the ground, or to make someone leave the place where they have lived for a long time。

画面很直白:up(向上)+ root(根)——把根从土里拔出来,植物离土会枯,人离开熟悉的环境也一样。

常见搭配有:uproot oneself(离开故土)、uproot a family(让一家人搬迁)、be uprooted from(被迫离开)。

文中 uproot themselves chasing employment 的意思是:毕业生为了工作,把自己从熟悉的地方连根拔起,跑到国家的另一端。

上几个例句。

关于工作话题,我们可以说:

Every year thousands of graduates uproot themselves and move to a city where they know nobody.

每年都有成千上万的毕业生拔根而起,搬到一个谁也不认识的城市。

关于城市化话题,也可以这样说:

The new expressway uprooted hundreds of families from the village their grandparents had lived in.

这条新高速让几百户人家离开了祖辈住了几十年的村子。

最近"2027 国考"开始报名,计划招录 3.57 万人,不少人愿意为一个岗位跨省搬家,我们可以写一个句子:

Every year, candidates uproot themselves for a post that may be a thousand kilometres away.

每年都有考生为了一个岗位拔根而起,而那个岗位可能在一千公里之外。

uproot 一词,可以用 displace, relocate, tear away from 等词替换,看几个例句:

1)displace——最近不少"不起眼的中国小商品"在非洲走红,我们可以说:

When cheap imported goods suddenly take off, local workshops are often displaced first.

当便宜的中国货突然走红,最先被挤出去的往往是当地的小作坊。

2)relocate——iPhone Duo 由富士康中国工厂独家组装、苹果 COO 还到郑州看了产线,我们可以说:

The assembly lines were relocated to Zhengzhou, where the workforce is large and experienced.

生产线被搬到了郑州,那里工人多,也熟练。

3)tear away from——"绿泡泡短剧"对标红果,主打免费短剧,我们可以说:

Short dramas have torn viewers away from long-video platforms.

短剧把观众从长视频平台那里硬生生拽走了。

7

But now a growing "loneliness industry" has emerged to try to fill these gaps in people's lives.

但如今,一个不断壮大的"孤独产业"出现了,试图填补人们生活里的这些空白。

But now 一转,全篇的关键词登场:loneliness industry。加引号说明这是记者给出的概括说法,不是官方术语。

fill these gaps 承接上文的 support networks——网络断了,就有生意来补。

8

Yang says her life has been transformed by one of these services - Wang Yingwei and his electric scooter delivery team - who started coming over twice a day with hot meals but whose help extends far beyond that.

杨奶奶说,其中一项服务改变了她的生活——王英伟和他的电动车配送小队每天两次送来热饭,但他们的帮助远不止于此。

主语是 Yang says,宾语从句里用 has been transformed,现在完成时的被动,强调"已经改变、而且还在起作用"。

两个破折号中间插进人名和团队,是新闻里常见的补充手法。后面两个定语从句并列:who started coming over... 讲每天两次送饭,whose help extends... 用 but 一转,把重点从"送饭"推到"送饭之外"。

extend 是动词,读 /ɪkˈstend/,意思是"延伸、扩大(范围)",英文解释是 to reach further, or to make something cover a larger area or range。

extend 我们从"延长"开始熟悉——extend a deadline(延长期限)、extend a visa(续签)——把这种"往外延"放到别的事情上,就是"远远超出某个范围"。

常见搭配有:extend beyond(超出)、extend far beyond expectations(远超预期)、extend well beyond its original purpose(远远超出原本的用途)。

文中 whose help extends far beyond that 的意思是:他们的帮助远不止"送饭"这一件事。

这个词怎么用,看几个例子就明白了。

关于科技话题,我们可以说:

The impact of a new model often extends far beyond the industry that built it.

一个新模型带来的影响,往往远远超出做出它的那个行业。

关于媒体话题,也可以这样说:

The influence of short videos extends far beyond entertainment — they now shape how people shop and study.

短视频的影响远远超出娱乐——它们如今在影响人们怎么买东西、怎么学习。

最近图片社 Getty Images 申请破产重组,很多人说生成式 AI 只是压垮它的最后一根稻草,我们可以写一个句子:

The damage that AI has done to the stock-image business extends far beyond one company.

AI 给图库生意造成的伤害,远远超出一家公司。

电影《星际穿越》里,一段"口述历史"式的采访中,一位老人回忆那场远征时说:

We must reach far beyond our own lifespans.

我们要造福的不只是自己这一代。

9

"We see ourselves as community children," Yingwei told the BBC. "It means putting yourself in the shoes of older people and carefully considering their needs.

"我们把自己看作社区里的孩子,"英伟告诉 BBC。"这意味着要设身处地为老人着想,仔细考虑他们的需要。

两句引语,先给身份,再给解释。

see... as... 是"把……看作……",等于 regard... as...;

community children 是他自己造的说法,中文里没有对应词,理解成"社区里的儿女"最贴近。

第二句的 It 指上一句;putting 和 considering 是两个并列的动名词,一起作 means 的表语。

put ... in the shoes of 是动词短语,读 /pʊt ... ɪn ðə ʃuːz ɒv/,字面是"穿进别人的鞋里",也就是"站在别人的位置上想一想",英文解释是 to imagine yourself in someone else's situation in order to understand how they feel。

常见搭配有:put oneself in the shoes of sb(设身处地站在某人角度)、be in someone's shoes(处在某人的位置上)。

文中 putting yourself in the shoes of older people 的意思是:设身处地站到老人的位置上想问题——英伟说,这就是"社区里的孩子"该做的事。

先看几个例句。

关于工作话题,我们可以说:

A good manager can put herself in the shoes of the people she manages.

一位好的管理者,能站到自己下属的位置上想问题。

关于社会公平话题,也可以这样说:

Public services work better when officials put themselves in the shoes of the people who use them.

当官员能站到使用者的位置上想问题,公共服务会做得更好。

最近有家车企在巴黎车展宣布"对外卖技术"——从卖车转向卖整套技术方案,我们可以写一个句子:

A company that starts selling its technology to rivals has to put itself in the buyer's shoes first.

一家开始把技术卖给同行的公司,得先站到买家的位置上想问题。

这个短语在2025年考研英语一的Text1中也出现过,研究者在谈戏剧教育时说:

They were comfortable in describing different emotional states and part of what you do in drama is put yourself in different shoes.

他们能自如地描述不同的情绪状态,而戏剧训练的一部分,就是让你站到不同的位置上去体会。

今天分享到这里,感谢阅读!

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